![]() The brain has problems planning to move the body parts (e.g., lips, jaw, tongue) needed for speech. This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis. ![]() Children with CAS have problems saying sounds, syllables, and words. Phonological process treatment may involve teaching the rules of speech to individuals to help them say words correctly.Ĭhildhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder. SLPs provide treatment to improve articulation of individual sounds or reduce errors in production of sound patterns.Īrticulation treatment may involve demonstrating how to produce the sound correctly, learning to recognize which sounds are correct and incorrect, and practicing sounds in different words. What treatments are available for people with speech sound disorders? An SLP can work on accent modification services if a client wishes to reduce or modify his or her accent. Accents are NOT a speech or language disorder. It is important to realize that no accent is better than another. Accents are a natural part of spoken languages. What if I speak more than one language? Is my accent a speech sound disorder?Īn accent is the unique way that speech is pronounced by a group of people speaking the same language. For children, the SLP often also evaluates their language development to determine overall communication functioning. The SLP may recommend speech treatment if the sound is not appropriate for the child’s age or if it is not a feature of a dialect or accent. An oral mechanism examination is also done to determine whether the muscles of the mouth are working correctly. The SLP listens to the person and may use a formal articulation test to record sound errors. How are speech sound disorders diagnosed?Ī speech-language pathologist (SLP) is the professional that evaluates children or adults with speech and language difficulties. To see the ages at which phonological processes should disappear, go to Elimination of Phonological Processes, and for descriptions of the common processes see Phonological Processes. If a child continues to demonstrate such cluster reduction, he or she may have a phonological process disorder. While it is common for young children learning speech to leave one of the sounds out of the word, it is not expected as a child gets older. When children don’t follow this rule and say only one of the sounds (“boken” for broken or “poon” for spoon), it is more difficult for the listener to understand the child. For example, substituting all sounds made in the back of the mouth like “k” and “g” for those in the front of the mouth like “t” and “d” (e.g., saying “tup” for “cup” or “das” for “gas”).Īnother rule of speech is that some words start with two consonants, such as broken or spoon. What are some signs of a phonological disorder?Ī phonological process disorder involves patterns of sound errors. To see the age range during which most children develop each sound, visit Talking Child’s speech chart. This is not a speech sound disorder, but rather one of the phonological features of AAVE. For example, speakers of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) may use a “d” sound for a “th” sound (e.g., “dis” for “this”). Instead, they may be related to a feature of a dialect or accent. Not all sound substitutions and omissions are speech errors. For instance, many young children sound like they are making a “w” sound for an “r” sound (e.g., “wabbit” for “rabbit”) or may leave sounds out of words, such as “nana” for “banana.” The child may have an articulation disorder if these errors continue past the expected age. These errors may make it hard for people to understand you. Sounds can be substituted, left off, added or changed. ![]() What are some signs of an articulation disorder?Īn articulation disorder involves problems making sounds. To learn more about typical speech sound development, see How Does Your Child Hear and Talk? and Literacy and Communication: Expectations From Kindergarten Through Fifth Grade. Every sound has a different range of ages when the child should make the sound correctly. Speech sound disorders include problems with articulation (making sounds) and phonological processes (sound patterns). A speech sound disorder occurs when mistakes continue past a certain age. Most children make some mistakes as they learn to say new words. Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonological Processes What are speech sound disorders?
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